Canadian Citizenship can be achieved in many ways:

1. By birth – Any person born in Canada (exceptions do apply)
2. By Descent – Any person born outside Canada to a Canadian parent (restrictions do apply)
3. Grant of citizenship – E.g. PR of Canada (‘naturalization’), former citizens, etc. – conditions have to be satisfied
4. Resumption – Resume one’s citizenship after it has ceased or dissolved
5. Retention – This means someone has a right to Canadian citizenship, but must take certain actions to retain the right

Each of the above categories has specific requirements, exceptions and restrictions. Citizenship legislation in Canada has a history of changes, that must be kept in mind in many of the cases.

The most common category, however is Naturalization – the process of applying for Canadian citizenship by a Permanent Resident of Canada. Among other conditions, residency requirement is the main factor.

The current law requires that a PR can apply for citizenship on completion of 3 years (1095 days) residence in Canada in a 4 year period. Though the concept is fairly straightforward, complications do creep in.

Instances include short overseas trips (2-4 weeks duration), one person working abroad while family is in Canada, family staying abroad while one person is working abroad – for these and such other questions, please consult us